The translations are automatically generated 'AS IS' and 'AS AVAILABLE' and are not retained in our systems. Neither ProQuest nor its licensors make any representations or warranties with respect to the translations. This functionality is provided solely for your convenience and is in no way intended to replace human translation. You have requested 'on-the-fly' machine translation of selected content from our databases.

Significantly higher risk estimates were observed among migrants from developing countries and among those from areas where the majority of the population is black. A meta-analysis of 18 migrant studies found that a personal or family history of migration was associated with an approximately threefold risk elevation for schizophrenia (Cantor-Graae & Selten, 2005). More recent studies in the UK have reported that migrants are at risk for all psychoses, and not only schizophrenia (Fearon et al. It was suggested that the risk may be even higher for SGIs than for FGIs (Harrison et al. These studies have found increased rates of schizophrenia not only among first-generation immigrants (FGIs), who have a personal history of migration, but also among the growing population of second-generation immigrants (SGIs), their children born in the host society context. 2006), and among migrants in Denmark and Sweden (Cantor-Graae et al. Increased incidence rates have been reported among Moroccan, Surinamese and Antillean migrants to The Netherlands (Selten & Sijben, 1994 Selten et al. Later investigations of the incidence of schizophrenia have extended to other European countries. Such elevated incidence rates were noted initially in the decades that followed large migration waves from Commonwealth countries after the Second World War. However, only in recent decades has an interest in migration and schizophrenia been rekindled, especially after consistent reports of high incidence rates in Caribbean migrants to the UK (Harrison et al. An association between migration and schizophrenia was first described by the pioneer Ödegaard (1932), who observed an increased risk among Norwegians migrants to the USA in the early twentieth century. 2004 Cantor-Graae & Selten, 2005 Fearon et al. This tenet has been challenged, based on reports of significant variation in incidence between and within countries according to gender, urbanicity and, in particular, migration and ethnicity (McGrath et al. The incidence of schizophrenia was long held to be homogeneous worldwide, leading to an emphasis on the genetic determination of the condition rather than on the contribution of social or environmental factors (Jablensky et al.

Meta psychotic